Types of networks: Main 5 types of computer networks

This article explains the main types of computer networks, their typical applications, coverage, and examples of Cisco devices suitable for each network type.

Table of Contents

• Part 1: LAN (Local Area Network)
• Part 2: WAN (Wide Area Network)
• Part 3: WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network)
• Part 4: MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
• Part 5: CAN (Campus Area Network)
• Part 6: Other Network Types (SAN, PAN, POLAN, EPN, VPN)
• Part 7: Summary

Part 1: LAN (Local Area Network)

Introduction: LANs are designed for high-speed connections within a limited geographic area, such as an office or commercial building.

A local area network (LAN) connects computers and devices via wired or wireless links to a central server. Typical coverage is up to 1 km radius. LANs allow resource sharing, including printers, storage, and Internet access.

Example Cisco Devices: Cisco Catalyst 1200 Series Switches for SMB environments. Provides Layer 3 routing, PoE+ support, and stable connectivity.

Summary: LANs are ideal for small to medium-scale environments, providing fast communication and resource sharing.

Part 2: WAN (Wide Area Network)

Introduction: WANs cover large geographic areas, connecting smaller networks across cities, states, or countries.

A wide area network (WAN) links multiple LANs or MANs. WANs can be implemented over public networks or private infrastructures, enabling remote users to communicate securely across locations.

Summary: WANs expand connectivity beyond local networks, ensuring inter-office communication over large distances.

Part 3: WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network)

Introduction: WLANs provide wireless connectivity within a limited area, offering mobility and flexibility.

A wireless LAN (WLAN) links multiple devices using Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11 standards). Coverage includes homes, schools, offices, and labs. Users can move freely within the area while maintaining network access. WLANs can also connect to the Internet through a gateway.

Summary: WLANs enhance mobility while keeping devices connected in a defined local area.

Part 4: MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)

Introduction: MANs link multiple LANs within a city or metropolitan area for efficient communication.

A metropolitan area network (MAN) interconnects networks larger than LANs but smaller than WANs. It may bridge several LANs using backbone lines and provide efficient Internet access or WAN connectivity.

Summary: MANs are optimal for urban networking needs, connecting distributed offices or campus locations.

Part 5: CAN (Campus Area Network)

Introduction: CANs integrate multiple LANs within a limited campus area such as universities or corporate facilities.

Campus area networks use owned switches, routers, and transmission media like optical fiber or Cat5 cabling. They offer high-speed, reliable connectivity across the campus.

Summary: CANs provide centralized control over multiple LANs, ideal for campus or enterprise environments.

Part 6: Other Network Types

SAN (Storage / System Area Network)

Introduction: SANs provide high-speed dedicated networks for storage or system clusters.

Storage area networks connect shared storage to multiple servers independently of LAN/WAN. System area networks enable high-speed server-to-server or processor-to-processor communication. Types include converged, virtual, and unified SANs.

Summary: SANs improve storage efficiency and high-speed computation in data centers.

PAN (Personal Area Network)

Introduction: PANs are the smallest networks, centered around one person or building.

Devices like computers, phones, tablets, and printers form a PAN. Typically used in homes or small offices and managed by a single user.

Summary: PANs are convenient for personal device connectivity within a limited area.

POLAN (Passive Optical Local Area Network)

Introduction: POLANs use point-to-multipoint optical fiber to serve multiple users in a LAN.

Optical splitters distribute signals from single-mode fiber to multiple endpoints, supporting structured cabling and Power over Ethernet (PoE).

Summary: POLANs provide scalable, fiber-based LAN solutions with minimal active equipment.

EPN (Enterprise Private Network)

Introduction: EPNs connect multiple enterprise locations securely using private infrastructure.

Enterprises own and operate EPNs to share computing resources safely across sites.

Summary: EPNs enable secure, company-wide connectivity for enterprise resources.

VPN (Virtual Private Network)

Introduction: VPNs extend private networks over public networks securely.

Users send and receive data as if connected directly to a private network. VPNs provide encryption and privacy over shared Internet connections.

Summary: VPNs allow secure remote access to enterprise or personal networks.

Part 7: Summary

In summary, computer networks can be categorized as LAN, WAN, WLAN, MAN, CAN, SAN, PAN, POLAN, EPN, and VPN. Each type serves specific coverage, performance, and security needs, often with recommended Cisco devices.

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