FTTB and FTTC Solution Overview

Copper lines are critical infrastructures for fixed network carriers. The construction of ultra-wideband networks using innovative technologies on existing copper lines is being widely accepted by carriers. Although copper lines have been in service for hundreds of years, the application of innovative technologies, such as G.fast and NG-Fast, the copper lines will be able to provide higher and higher bandwidths.
Copper technology will continue with innovation. In addition to vectoring and G.fast, the research on NG-Fast has been started, which will provide a bandwidth of 5–10 Gbit/s over copper lines.

Network Architecture

Network Architecture
Topology & Functions
NetWork upgrade
Abbreviations

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FTTB/FTTC Network Structure

FTTB: indicates fiber to the building. In this scenario, optical fibers are routed from a CO to access devices that locate in buildings, such as in light-current wells or basements. Then, the access devices connect to copper (xDSL) or Cat 5 (LAN) lines that are routed to user homes, implementing service access. FTTB applies to business zones and residential areas with high population densities.
FTTC: indicates fiber to the curb. In this scenario, optical fibers are routed from a CO to access devices that locate at fiber distribution terminals (FDTs) along the curb or in cable distribution compartments/FDTs in residential areas. Then, the access devices connect to copper (xDSL) lines that are routed to user homes, implementing service access. FTTC applies to areas with low population densities.

Area	Demand	Topology	Access Technology	Typical Bandwidth
High-value area	High-end users impose increasingly strong demands on high bandwidths.	FTTD FTTdp FTTB	G.fast Vectoring	100 Mbit/s to 1 Gbit/s
Urban area	Requires quick network coverage and reuses existing copper lines.	FTTB FTTC DSLAM	VDSL2 Vectoring SuperVector	30-300 Mbit/s
Rural area	Requires long-distance network coverage and reuses existing copper lines.	FTTB FTTC DSLAM	VDSL2 ADSL2+	4-30 Mbit/s

FTTB/FTTC Typical Networking Topology and Functions

MDU(LAN POTS xDSL)
MDU(POTS)+HGW
MDU+HGW
Ethernet Cascading

Transmission Media Change Improves CNR by 7–8 dB

MDUs are deployed in corridors and connect Cat 5 lines to user homes.

For the Internet access service, users connect to an MDU using Cat 5 lines and are authenticated by dialing a number through PCs. Each user has a separate account. All user accounts are centrally authenticated and managed on the broadband remote access server (BRAS).
For the voice service, the MDUs embedded with a voice module provide the VoIP service for users.

MDUs are deployed in corridors or FDTs along the curb, and connect twisted pairs to user homes.

For the Internet access service, users access the Internet at a high speed using the modems deployed at their homes. Modems are Layer 2 devices and therefore require authentication by dialing a number through PCs. Each user has a separate account. All user accounts are centrally authenticated and managed on the BRAS.
For the voice service, the MDUs embedded with a voice module provide the VoIP service for users.

Usage Scenario	Recommended Solution	General Specifications
FTTB (LAN+POTS)	F01S50/F01C50+MA5620/MA 5626	LAN and POTS
	F01S100+MA5620/MA5626	LAN and POTS
	F01C100B+MA5620/MA5626	LAN and POTS
FTTB/FTTC (xDSL+POTS)	F01C100B+MA5616	VDSL2/ADSL2+, vectoring, SuperVector and POTS
	F01S100+MA5616	VDSL2/ADSL2+, vectoring, SuperVector and POTS
	F01S200+MA5616	VDSL2/ADSL2+, vectoring, SuperVector and POTS
	F01T300/F01S300+MA5616	VDSL2/ADSL2+, vectoring, SuperVector and POTS
	F01S50/F01C50/F01C100B+ MA5622A/MA5623A	VDSL2, VDSL2 combo and vectoring
	MA5611S series (outdoor devices, which do not require a separate cabinet)	VDSL2 and vectoring

MDUs are deployed in corridors or FDTs along the curb. The MDUs provide services for users through home gateways (HGWs) that are deployed at user homes and that use LAN or xDSL upstream transmission.

The HGWs transmit services upstream to the MDUs using LAN or xDSL ports. In the downstream direction, the MDUs provide the Internet access service for users using FE or Wi-Fi ports and the IPTV service using FE ports.
The HGWs support Layer 3 functions, such as PPPoE dialup and network address translation (NAT), providing the shared Internet access service for residential users through multiple PCs.
An HGW connects to a set top box (STB) in the downstream direction, allowing users to preview and order IPTV videos.
The integrated access device (IAD) built in an MDU provides one or multiple POTS ports for users, meeting the voice service requirements of residential users using one or multiple phone sets.

Usage Scenario	Recommended Solution	General Specifications
HGW using LAN upstream transmission	F01S50/F01C50+MA5620	LAN and POTS
HGW using LAN upstream transmission	F01S100+MA5620	LAN and POTS
HGW using xDSL upstream transmission	F01C100B+MA5616	VDSL2/ADSL2+, vectoring, SuperVector and POTS
	F01S100+MA5616	VDSL2/ADSL2+, vectoring, SuperVector and POTS
	F01S200+MA5616	VDSL2/ADSL2+, vectoring, SuperVector and POTS
	F01T300/F01S300+MA5616	VDSL2/ADSL2+, vectoring, SuperVector and POTS
	F01S50/F01C50/F01C100B+MA5622A	VDSL2, vectoring and POTS

Indoor MDUs can be deployed in corridors or FDTs along the curb. Outdoor MDUs can be deployed in manholes or mounted to poles or exterior walls. Both indoor and outdoor MDUs provide services for users through the HGWs that are deployed at user homes and that use LAN or xDSL upstream transmission.

The HGWs transmit services upstream to the MDUs using LAN or xDSL ports. In the downstream direction, the MDUs provide the Internet access service for users using FE or Wi-Fi ports and the IPTV service using FE ports.
The HGWs support Layer 3 functions, such as PPPoE dialup and NAT, providing the shared Internet access service for residential users through multiple PCs.
An HGW connects to an STB in the downstream direction, allowing users to preview and order IPTV videos.
The IAD built in an MDU provides one or multiple POTS ports for users, meeting the voice service requirements of residential users using one or multiple phone sets.

Usage Scenario	Recommended Solution	General Specifications
HGW using LAN upstream transmission	F01S50/F01C50+MA5620/MA5626	LAN
HGW using LAN upstream transmission	F01S100+MA5620/MA5626	LAN
HGW using xDSL upstream transmission	F01C100B+MA5616	VDSL2/ADSL2+, vectoring and SuperVector
	F01S100+MA5616	VDSL2/ADSL2+, vectoring and SuperVector
	F01S200+MA5616	VDSL2/ADSL2+, vectoring and SuperVector
	F01T300/F01S300+MA5616	VDSL2/ADSL2+, vectoring and SuperVector
	F01S50/F01C50/F01C100B+MA5622A /MA5623A	VDSL2 and vectoring
	MA5611S series (outdoor devices, which do not require a separate cabinet)	VDSL2 and vectoring

In Ethernet cascading scenarios where MDUs are standalone NEs, the MDUs transmit data upstream to a MAN switch or edge router through GE ports. Alternatively, the MDUs transmit data upstream to the OLT through GE ports and then to a MAN switch or edge router. xDSL access mainly applies on the user side.
The MDU+OLT networking shown in the figure is recommended. In this networking, remote MDU software commissioning is supported.

Usage Scenario	Recommended Solution	General Specifications
Ethernet cascading in FTTB/FTTC (standalone NE networking)	F01S100+MA5616	VDSL2/ADSL2+, vectoring, SuperVector and POTS
	F01S200+MA5616	VDSL2/ADSL2+, vectoring, SuperVector and POTS
	F01S50/F01C50+MA5622A/MA 5623A	VDSL2, VDSL2 combo and vectoring
	MA5611S series (outdoor devices, which do not require a separate cabinet)	VDSL2 and vectoring
	F01T300/F01S300+MA5603T	VDSL2/ADSL2+, vectoring, SuperVector and POTS
	F01T500+MA5600T/MA5603T	VDSL2/ADSL2+/POTS and ADSL2+/VDSL2 combo, vectoring
	F01D2000+MA5600T	VDSL2/ADSL2+, POTS and ADSL2+/VDSL2 combo

Short Time to Market Network upgrade

Outdoor Integrated Access Solution

Access devices are continuously moving downward to be closer to end users. In this case, the devices might be installed outdoor, such as mounted to poles or exterior walls or installed in manholes. The outdoor installation scenarios promote high requirements on environment adaptability and power obtaining for the access devices. Providing a comprehensive outdoor integrated access solution, meeting outdoor installation requirements.

High bandwidth

100 Mbit/s access: VDSL2+vectoring
1 Gbit/s access: G.fast+vectoring

High environment adaptability

Outdoor integrated ONU (small form factor-sealed unit)
Dustproof/Waterproof level: IP68/IP55

Flexible power obtaining

Local AC power
Reverse PoE
Remote power supply (RPS)

Backward Compatible and Future-Oriented SuperVector Speedup

In copper network speedup, various carriers have used VDSL2 + vectoring to achieve 50-100 Mbit/s access. The more advanced G.fast + vectoring solution provides 500 Mbit/s to 1 Gbit/s access at a short distance. However, some carriers require a solution medium to these two solutions. This is SuperVector. On the basis of VDSL2 + vectoring, SuperVector speeds up the copper line rate to 100-300 Mbit/s, which is applicable to broadband coverage for copper line speedup at original sites and remote areas.

Improved bandwidth: Maximum downstream bandwidth is improved from 100 Mbit/s in VDSL2 + vectoring to 300 Mbit/s.

Speedup at long distance: Attainable distance for downstream 100 Mbit/s bandwidth is expanded from about 500 m in VDSL2 + vectoring to 700 m.

Protected site investments: Second speedup at original sites, featuring short TTM and fast return on investment (ROI). This greatly protests carrier investments on FTTC and vectoring sites.

Acronyms and Abbreviations

BRAS	broadband remote access server	CCU	cabinet control unit
DSLAM	digital subscriber line access multiplexer	EOS	end of service
FTTB	fiber to the building	FTTC	fiber to the curb
FTTD	fiber to the door	FTTdp	fiber to the distribution point
FTTH	fiber to the home	GE	gigabit Ethernet
GIS	geographic information system	HGW	home gateway
IAD	integrated access device	IMS	information management system
IPTV	internet protocol television	LAN	local area network
MDF	main distribution frame	MDU	multi-dwelling unit
NAC	network analyst center	NAT	network address translation
NGN	next generation network	OLT	optical line terminal
ONU	optical network unit	OPEX	operating expense
PE	provider edge	PON	passive optical network
POTS	plain old telephone service	STB	set top box
TCO	total cost of ownership	UPE	underlayer provider edge
xDSL	x digital subscriber line

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